Sutta Nipāta — Antologia de Discursos — 2.7 — Brahmanical Principles

1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Then several old and well-to-do brahmins of Kosala—elderly and senior, who were advanced in years and had reached the final stage of life—went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, they sat down to one side and said to the Buddha: “Worthy Gotama, are the ancient principles of the brahmins exhibited these days among brahmins?” “No, brahmins, they are not.” “If you wouldn’t mind, Worthy Gotama, please teach us the ancient principles of the brahmins.” “Well then, brahmins, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.” “Yes, worthy sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:

2“The ancient seers used to be
restrained and austere.
Having given up the five sensual stimuli,
they lived for their own true good.

3Brahmins used to own no cattle,
nor gold coin or grain.
Chanting was their money and grain,
which they guarded as a gift from god.

4Food was prepared for them
and left beside their doors.
People believed that food prepared in faith
should be given to them.

5With colorful clothes,
lodgings and houses,
prosperous nations and countries
honored those brahmins.

6Brahmins used to be inviolable and
invincible, protected by principle.
No one ever turned them away
from the doors of families.

7For forty-eight years
they led the spiritual life.
The brahmins of old pursued
their quest for knowledge and conduct.

8Brahmins never transgressed with another,
nor did they purchase a wife.
They lived together in love,
joining together by mutual consent.

9Brahmins never approached their wives for sex
during the time outside
the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle
after menstruation.

10They praised chastity and morality,
integrity, tenderness, and fervor,
gentleness and harmlessness,
and also patience.

11He who was supreme among them,
godlike, staunchly vigorous,
did not engage in sex
even in a dream.

12Training in line with their duties,
many smart people here
praised chastity and morality,
and also patience.

13They begged for rice,
bedding, clothes, ghee, and oil.
Having collected them legitimately,
they arranged a sacrifice.

14But they slew no cows
while serving at the sacrifice.
Like a mother, father, or brother,
or some other relative,
cows are our best friends,
the fonts of medicine.

15They give food and strength,
and beauty and happiness.
Knowing these benefits,
they slew no cows.

16The brahmins were delicate and tall,
beautiful and glorious.
They were keen on all the duties
according to their teachings.
So long as they continued in the world,
people flourished happily.

17But perversion crept into them
little by little when they saw
the transformation of the king
and the ladies in all their finery.

18Their chariots were harnessed with thoroughbreds,
well-made with bright canopies,
and their homes and houses
were neatly divided section by section.

19They were lavished with herds of cattle,
and furnished with bevies of lovely ladies.
This extravagant human wealth
was coveted by the brahmins.

20They compiled hymns to that end,
approached King Okkāka and said,
‘You have plenty of money and grain.
Sacrifice! For you have much treasure.
Sacrifice! For you have much money.’

21Persuaded by the brahmins,
the king, chief of charioteers, performed
horse sacrifice, human sacrifice,
the sacrifices of the ‘casting of the yoke-pin’, <j>the ‘royal soma drinking’, and the ‘unimpeded’.
When he had carried out these sacrifices,
he gave riches to the brahmins.

22There were cattle, bedding, and clothes,
and ladies in all their finery;
chariots harnessed with thoroughbreds,
well-made with bright canopies;

23and lovely homes,
nicely divided section by section.
Having furnished them with different grains,
he gave riches to the brahmins.

24When they got hold of that wealth,
they arranged to store it up.
Falling under the sway of desire,
their craving grew and grew.
They compiled hymns to that end,
approached King Okkāka once more and said,

25‘Like water and earth,
gold coin, riches, and grain,
are cows for humankind,
as they are essential for creatures.
Sacrifice! For you have much treasure.
Sacrifice! For you have much money.’

26Persuaded by the brahmins,
the king, chief of charioteers,
had many hundred thousand cows
slain at the sacrifice.

27Neither with feet nor with horns
do cows harm anyone at all.
Cows meek as lambs
supply buckets of milk.
But taking them by the horns,
the king slew them with a sword.

28At that the gods and the ancestors,
with Indra, the titans and monsters,
roared out: ‘This is a crime against nature!’
as the sword fell on the cows.

29There used to be three kinds of illness:
greed, starvation, and old age.
But due to the slaughter of cows,
this grew to be ninety-eight.

30This crime of the rods
is of ancient descent.
Killing innocent creatures,
the sacrificers forsake righteousness.

31And that is how this mean old practice
was criticized by sensible people.
Wherever they see such a thing,
folk criticize the sacrificer.

32With righteousness gone,
peasants and menials were split,
as were many aristocrats,
and wives looked down on their husbands.

33Aristocrats and brahmins only by kin,
and others protected by their clan,
neglecting their genealogy,
fell under the sway of sensual pleasures.”

34When he had spoken, those well-to-do brahmins said to the Buddha, “Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent! … From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember us as lay followers who have gone for refuge for life.”