Vinaya — Regras dos Monges (Bhikkhu Vibhaṅga) — The training rule on falsely claiming a superhuman quality

1First substory
At one time when the Buddha was staying in the house with the peaked roof in the Great Wood near Vesālī, a number of monks who were friends had entered the rainy-season residence on the banks of the river Vaggumudā. At that time Vajjī was short of food and afflicted with hunger, with crops affected by whiteheads and turned to straw. It was not easy to get by on almsfood.

2The monks considered the difficult circumstances, and they thought, “How can we have a comfortable rains, live in peace and harmony, and get almsfood without trouble?”

3Some said, “We could work for the householders, and they’ll support us in return.”

4Others said, “There’s no need to work for the householders. Let’s instead take messages for them, and they’ll support us in return.”

5Still others said, “There’s no need to work or take messages for them. Let’s instead talk up one another’s superhuman qualities to the householders: ‘That monk has the first absorption, that monk the second absorption, that monk the third, that monk the fourth; that monk is a streamenterer, that monk a once-returner, that a non-returner, that a perfected one; that monk has the three true insights, and that the six direct knowledges.’ Then they’ll support us. In this way we’ll have a comfortable and harmonious rains, and get almsfood without trouble. This is the way to go.”

6Then those monks did just that. And the people there thought, “We’re so fortunate that such monks have come to us for the rainy-season residence. Such virtuous and good monks have never before entered the rains residence with us.” And they gave such food and drink to those monks that they did not even eat and drink themselves, or give to their parents, to their wives and children, to their slaves, servants, and workers, to their friends and companions, or to their relatives. Soon those monks had a good color, bright faces, clear skin, and sharp senses.

7Now it was the custom for monks who had completed the rainy-season residence to go and visit the Buddha. And so, when the three months were over and they had completed the rains residence, those monks put their dwellings in order, took their bowls and robes, and set out for Vesālī. When they eventually arrived, they went to the house with the peaked roof in the Great Wood. There they approached the Buddha, bowed, and sat down.

8At that time the monks who had completed the rains residence in that region were thin, haggard, and pale, with veins protruding all over their bodies. Yet the monks from the banks of the Vaggumudā had a good color, bright faces, clear skin, and sharp senses. Since it is the custom for Buddhas to greet newly-arrived monks, the Buddha said to them, “I hope you’re keeping well, monks, I hope you’re getting by?

9I hope you had a comfortable and harmonious rains, and got almsfood without trouble?”

10“We’re keeping well, sir, we’re getting by. We had a comfortable and harmonious rains, and got almsfood without trouble.” When Buddhas know what is going on, sometimes they ask and sometimes not. They know the right time to ask and when not to ask. Buddhas ask when it is beneficial, otherwise they do not, for Buddhas are incapable of doing what is unbeneficial. Buddhas question the monks for two reasons: to give a teaching or to lay down a training rule.

11And the Buddha said to those monks, “In what way, monks, did you have a comfortable and harmonious rains? And how did you get almsfood without trouble?”

12They then told him.

13“But did you really have those superhuman qualities?”

14“No, sir.”

15The Buddha rebuked them, “It’s not suitable, foolish men, it’s not proper, it’s not worthy of a monastic, it’s not allowable, it’s not to be done. How could you for the sake of your stomachs talk up one another’s superhuman qualities to householders? It would be better for your bellies to be cut open with a sharp butcher’s knife than for you to talk up one another’s superhuman qualities to householders. Why is that? For although it might cause death or death-like suffering, it would not cause you to be reborn in a bad destination. But <em>this</em> might. This will affect people’s confidence …” After rebuking them and giving a teaching, he addressed the monks:

16“Monks, there are these five notorious gangsters to be found in the world. What five? There is the notorious gangster who thinks like this: ‘When the heck will I walk about in villages, towns, and royal capitals, with a following of a hundred or a thousand men, killing, destroying, and torturing?’ Then after some time, he does just that. Just so, monks, a bad monk thinks like this: ‘When the heck will I walk about in villages, towns, and royal capitals, with a following of a hundred or a thousand people, being honored, respected, and revered by both lay people and those gone forth, getting robes, almsfood, dwellings, and medicinal supplies?’ Then after some time, he does just that. This is the first notorious gangster to be found in the world.

17Or a bad monk learns the spiritual path proclaimed by the Buddha and takes it as his own. This is the second notorious gangster to be found in the world.

18Or a bad monk groundlessly charges someone living a pure spiritual life with a sexual offense. This is the third notorious gangster to be found in the world.

19Or a bad monk takes valuable goods and requisites from the Sangha— a monastery, the site of a monastery, a dwelling, the site of a dwelling, a bed, a bench, a mattress, a pillow, a metal pot, a metal jar, a metal bucket, a metal bowl, a machete, a hatchet, an ax, a spade, a chisel, a creeper, bamboo, a reed, grass, clay, wooden goods, ceramic goods— and uses them to bribe and create a following among householders. This is the fourth notorious gangster to be found in the world.

20But in this world with its gods, lords of death, and supreme beings, in this society with its monastics and brahmins, its gods and humans, this is the most notorious gangster of all: one who claims to have a non-existent superhuman quality. Why is that? Monks, you’ve eaten the country’s almsfood by theft.”

21“Whoever should declare himself
To be other than he truly is,
Has eaten this by theft,
Like a cheater who has deceived.

22Many ocher-necks of bad qualities,
Uncontrolled and wicked—
By their wicked deeds,
They are reborn in hell.

23It’s better to eat an iron ball,
As hot as a licking flame,
Than for the immoral and uncontrolled
To eat the country’s alms.”

24After rebuking the monks from the banks of the Vaggumudā in many ways for being difficult to maintain, difficult to support … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

25Preliminary ruling
‘If a monk falsely claims for himself a superhuman quality, a knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones, saying, “This I know, this I see,” but after some time—whether he is questioned or not, but having committed the offense and seeking purification—should say: “Not knowing I said that I know, not seeing that I see; what I said was empty and false,” he too is expelled and excluded from the community.’”

26In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

27Second substory
Soon afterwards a number of monks, thinking they had seen and realized what in fact they had not, declared final knowledge because of overestimation. After some time, their minds inclined to sensual desire, ill will, and confusion. They became anxious, thinking, “The Buddha has laid down a training rule, yet we declared final knowledge because of overestimation. Could it be that we’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion?” They told Venerable Ānanda, who told the Buddha. He said, “This is negligible, Ānanda.

28And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

29Final ruling
‘If a monk falsely claims for himself a superhuman quality, a knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones, saying, “This I know, this I see,” but after some time—whether he is questioned or not, but having committed the offense and seeking purification—should say: “Not knowing I said that I know, not seeing that I see; what I said was empty and false,” then, except if it is due to overestimation, he too is expelled and excluded from the community.’”

30Definitions
A:

31whoever …

32Monk:

33… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

34Falsely:

35although a certain wholesome quality is non-existent in himself, not real, not to be found, and he does not see it or know it, he says, “I have this wholesome quality.”

36A superhuman quality:

37absorption, release, stillness, attainment, knowledge and vision, development of the path, realization of the fruits, abandoning the defilements, a mind without hindrances, delighting in solitude.

38For himself:

39either he presents those good qualities as in himself, or he presents himself as among those good qualities.

40Knowledge:

41the three true insights.

42Vision:

43knowledge and vision are equivalent.

44Claims:

45announces to a woman or a man, to a householder or a monastic.

46This I know, this I see:

47“I know these qualities,” “I see these qualities,” “These qualities are found in me and I conform to them.”

48After some time:

49the moment, the instant, the second after he has made the claim.

50He is questioned:

51he is questioned in regard to what he has claimed: “What did you attain?” “How did you attain it?” “When did you attain it?” “Where did you attain it?” “Which defilements did you abandon?” “Which qualities did you gain?”

52Not:

53he is not spoken to by anyone.

54Having committed the offense:

55having bad desires, overcome by desire, claiming to have a non-existent superhuman quality, he has committed an offense entailing expulsion.

56Seeking purification:

57he desires to be a householder, a lay follower, a monastery worker, or a novice monk.

58Not knowing I said that I know, not seeing that I see:

59“I don’t know these qualities,” “I don’t see these qualities,” “These qualities aren’t found in me and I don’t conform to them.”

60What I said was empty and false:

61“What I said was empty,” “What I said was false,” “What I said was unreal,” “I said it without knowing.”

62Except if it is due to overestimation:

63unless it is due to overestimation.

64He too:

65this is said with reference to the preceding offenses entailing expulsion.

66Is expelled:

67just as a palm tree with its crown cut off is incapable of further growth, so too is a monk with bad desires, overcome by desire, who claims to have a non-existent superhuman quality not an ascetic, not a Sakyan monastic. Therefore it is said, “he is expelled.”

68Excluded from the community:

69Community: joint legal procedures, a joint recitation, the same training—this is called “community”. He does not take part in this—therefore it is called “excluded from the community”.

70Summary
A superhuman quality: absorption, release, stillness, attainment, knowledge and vision, development of the path, realization of the fruits, abandoning the defilements, a mind without hindrances, delighting in solitude.

71Definitions
Absorption:

72the first absorption, the second absorption, the third absorption, the fourth absorption.

73Release:

74emptiness release, signless release, desireless release.

75Stillness:

76emptiness stillness, signless stillness, desireless stillness.

77Attainment:

78emptiness attainment, signless attainment, desireless attainment.

79Knowledge and vision:

80the three true insights.

81Development of the path:

82the four applications of mindfulness, the four right efforts, the four foundations for supernormal power, the five spiritual faculties, the five spiritual powers, the seven factors of awakening, the noble eightfold path.

83Realization of the fruits:

84realization of the fruit of streamentry, realization of the fruit of once-returning, realization of the fruit of non-returning, realization of perfection.

85Abandoning the defilements:

86the abandoning of sensual desire, the abandoning of ill will, the abandoning of confusion.

87A mind without hindrances:

88a mind without sensual desire, a mind without ill will, a mind without confusion.

89Delighting in solitude:

90because of the first absorption, there is delight in solitude; because of the second absorption, there is delight in solitude; because of the third absorption, there is delight in solitude; because of the fourth absorption, there is delight in solitude.

91First absorption
If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

92If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when four conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true.

93If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when five conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true.

94If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when six conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true.

95If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

96If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’m attaining the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

97If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’m attaining the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when four conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true.

98If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’m attaining the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when five conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true.

99If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’m attaining the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when six conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true.

100If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’m attaining the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

101If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

102If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when four conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true.

103If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when five conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true.

104If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when six conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true.

105If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve attained the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

106If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I obtain the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

107If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I obtain the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when four conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true.

108If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I obtain the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when five conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true.

109If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I obtain the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when six conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true.

110If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I obtain the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

111If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I master the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

112If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I master the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when four conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true.

113If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I master the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when five conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true.

114If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I master the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when six conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true.

115If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I master the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

116If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve realized the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

117If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve realized the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when four conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true.

118If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve realized the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when five conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true.

119If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve realized the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when six conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true.

120If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve realized the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

121Other individual attainments
As the first absorption has been expanded in detail, so should all be expanded:

122If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the second absorption,” … “I attained the third absorption,” … “I attained the fourth absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the fourth absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

123If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the emptiness release,” … “I attained the signless release,” … “I attained the desireless release,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the desireless release,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled: …

124If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the emptiness stillness,” … “I attained the signless stillness,” … “I attained the desireless stillness,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the desireless stillness,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

125If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the emptiness attainment,” … “I attained the signless attainment,” … “I attained the desireless attainment,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the desireless attainment,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

126If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the three true insights,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the three true insights,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

127If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the four applications of mindfulness,” … “I attained the four right efforts,” … “I attained the four foundations for supernormal power,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the four foundations for supernormal power,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

128If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the five spiritual faculties,” … “I attained the five spiritual powers,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the five spiritual powers,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

129If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the seven factors of awakening,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the seven factors of awakening,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

130If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the noble eightfold path,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the noble eightfold path,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

131If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the fruit of streamentry,” … “I attained the fruit of once-returning,” … “I attained the fruit of non-returning,” … “I attained perfection,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized perfection,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

132If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve given up sensual desire, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

133If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve given up ill will, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

134If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

135If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

136If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

137If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

138The basic series is finished.

139Combinations of two attainments
If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the second absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the second absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

140If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the third absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the third absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

141If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the fourth absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the fourth absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

142If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the emptiness release,” … “I attained the first absorption and the signless release,” … “I attained the first absorption and the desireless release,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the desireless release,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

143If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the emptiness stillness,” … “I attained the first absorption and the signless stillness,” … “I attained the first absorption and the desireless stillness,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the desireless stillness,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

144If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the emptiness attainment,” … “I attained the first absorption and the signless attainment,” … “I attained the first absorption and the desireless attainment,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the desireless attainment,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

145If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the three true insights,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the three true insights,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

146If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the four applications of mindfulness,” … “I attained the first absorption and the four right efforts,” … “I attained the first absorption and the four foundations for supernormal power,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the four foundations for supernormal power,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

147If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the five spiritual faculties,” … “I attained the first absorption and the five spiritual powers,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the five spiritual powers,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

148If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the seven factors of awakening,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the seven factors of awakening,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

149If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the noble eightfold path,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and the noble eightfold path,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

150If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the fruit of streamentry,” … “I attained the first absorption and the fruit of once-returning,” … “I attained the first absorption and the fruit of non-returning,” … “I attained the first absorption and perfection,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and perfection,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

151If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and I’ve given up sensual desire,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and I’ve given up sensual desire … and I’ve given up ill will … and I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

152If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the first absorption and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

153The unconnected permutation series is finished.

154If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the second absorption and the third absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the second absorption and the third absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

155If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the second absorption and the fourth absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the second absorption and the fourth absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

156If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the second absorption and the emptiness release,” … and the signless release,” … and the desireless release,” … and the emptiness stillness,” … and the signless stillness,” … and the desireless stillness,” … and the emptiness attainment,” … and the signless attainment,” … and the desireless attainment,” … and the three true insights,” … and the four applications of mindfulness,” … and the four right efforts,” … and the four foundations for supernormal power,” … and the five spiritual faculties,” … and the five spiritual powers,” … and the seven factors of awakening,” … and the noble eightfold path,” … and the fruit of streamentry,” … and the fruit of once-returning,” … and the fruit of non-returning,” … and perfection,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the second absorption and perfection,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

157If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the second absorption and I’ve given up sensual desire … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the second absorption and I’ve given up sensual desire … and I’ve given up ill will … and I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

158If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the second absorption and the first absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the second absorption and the first absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled … he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

159The linked permutation series is finished.

160In this way each section is to be dealt with as in the linked permutation series.

161Here it is in brief:

162If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the third absorption and the fourth absorption,” … the third absorption and perfection,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the third absorption and perfection,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

163If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the third absorption and I’ve given up sensual desire … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the third absorption and I’ve given up sensual desire … and I’ve given up ill will … and I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

164If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the third absorption and the first absorption,” … “I attained the third absorption and the second absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “I’ve realized the third absorption and the second absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled. …

165If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the first absorption,” … the second absorption,” … the third absorption,” … the fourth absorption,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the fourth absorption,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

166If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the emptiness release,” … and I attained the signless release,” … and I attained the desireless release,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the desireless release,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

167If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the emptiness stillness,” … and I attained the signless stillness,” … and I attained the desireless stillness,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the desireless stillness,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

168If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the emptiness attainment,” … and I attained the signless attainment,” … and I attained the desireless attainment,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the desireless attainment,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

169If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the three true insights,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the three true insights,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

170If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the four applications of mindfulness,” … and I attained the four right efforts,” … and I attained the four foundations for supernormal power,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the four foundations for supernormal power,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

171If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the five spiritual faculties,” … and I attained the five spiritual powers,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the five spiritual powers,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

172If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the seven factors of awakening,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the seven factors of awakening,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

173If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the noble eightfold path,” … “I’m attaining … “I’ve attained … “I obtain … “I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized the noble eightfold path,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

174If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the fruit of streamentry,” … and I attained the fruit of once-returning,” … and I attained the fruit of non-returning,” … and I attained perfection,” … and I’m attaining … and I’ve attained … and I obtain … and I master … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve realized perfection,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

175If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I’ve given up sensual desire … and I’ve given up ill will … and I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled.

176If he lies in full awareness, saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” … and my mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

177The section based on one item is finished.

178Combinations of more than two attainments
The sections based on two items, etc., are to be given in detail in the same way as the section based on one item.

179Combination of all attainments
This is the section based on all items:

180If he lies in full awareness, saying, “I attained the first absorption and the second absorption and the third absorption and the fourth absorption and the emptiness release and the signless release and the desireless release and the emptiness stillness and the signless stillness and the desireless stillness and the emptiness attainment and the signless attainment and the desireless attainment and the three true insights and the four applications of mindfulness and the four right efforts and the four foundations for supernormal power and the five spiritual faculties and the five spiritual powers and the seven factors of awakening and the noble eightfold path and the fruit of streamentry and the fruit of once-returning and the fruit of non-returning and perfection … and I’m attaining … and I’ve attained … etc. … and I’ve given up sensual desire, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside; and I’ve given up ill will, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside; and I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside; and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire and my mind is free from the hindrance of ill will and my mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

181The section based on all items is finished.

182The exposition of the section on the basic series is finished.

183Meaning to say first absorption, but saying something else
If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the first absorption,” while actually saying, “I attained the second absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled.

184If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the first absorption,” while actually saying, “I attained the third absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled.

185If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the first absorption,” while actually saying, “I attained the fourth absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled.

186If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the first absorption,” while actually saying, “I attained the emptiness release,” … the signless release,” … the desireless release,” … the emptiness stillness,” … the signless stillness,” … the desireless stillness,” … the emptiness attainment,” … the signless attainment,” … the desireless attainment,” … the three true insights,” … the four applications of mindfulness,” … the four right efforts,” … the four foundations for supernormal power,” … the five spiritual faculties,” … the five spiritual powers,” … the seven factors of awakening,” … the noble eightfold path,” … the fruit of streamentry,” … the fruit of once-returning,” … the fruit of non-returning,” … perfection,” … “I’ve given up sensual desire … “I’ve given up ill will … “I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” … “My mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” … “My mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

187The unconnected permutation series based on one item with a speech extension is finished.

188Meaning to say second absorption, but saying something else
If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the second absorption,” while actually saying, “I attained the third absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled.

189If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the second absorption,” while actually saying, “I attained the fourth absorption,” … “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled.

190If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the second absorption,” while actually saying, “I attained the first absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled … he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

191The linked permutation series based on one item with a speech extension is finished.

192The basis in brief is finished.

193Meaning to say he is free from confusion, but saying something else
If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” while actually saying, “I attained the first absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled.

194If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” while actually saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled … he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

195The section based on one item with a speech extension is finished.

196Meaning to say any particular combination of individual attainments, but saying something else
The sections based on two items, etc., are to be given in detail in the same way as the section based on one item.

197Meaning to say all the attainments but one, and instead saying the remaining one
This is the section based on all items:

198If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the first absorption and the second absorption and the third absorption and the fourth absorption and the emptiness release and the signless release and the desireless release and the emptiness stillness and the signless stillness and the desireless stillness and the emptiness attainment and the signless attainment and the desireless attainment and the three true insights and the four applications of mindfulness and the four right efforts and the four foundations for supernormal power and the five spiritual faculties and the five spiritual powers and the seven factors of awakening and the noble eightfold path and the fruit of streamentry and the fruit of once-returning and the fruit of non-returning and perfection … and I’ve given up sensual desire … and I’ve given up ill will … and I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside; and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire and my mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” while actually saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled.

199If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the second absorption and the third absorption and the fourth absorption and the emptiness release and the signless release and the desireless release and the emptiness stillness and the signless stillness and the desireless stillness and the emptiness attainment and the signless attainment and the desireless attainment and the three true insights and the four applications of mindfulness and the four right efforts and the four foundations for supernormal power and the five spiritual faculties and the five spiritual powers and the seven factors of awakening and the noble eightfold path and the fruit of streamentry and the fruit of once-returning and the fruit of non-returning and perfection … and I’ve given up sensual desire … and I’ve given up ill will … and I’ve given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside; and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire and my mind is free from the hindrance of ill will and my mind is free from the hindrance of confusion,” while actually saying, “I attained the first absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled.

200If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “I attained the third absorption and the fourth absorption … and my mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the first absorption,” while actually saying, “I attained the second absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled.

201If he lies in full awareness, meaning to say, “My mind is free from the hindrance of confusion and I attained the first absorption and the second absorption and the third absorption and the fourth absorption … and my mind is free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” while actually saying, “My mind is free from the hindrance of ill will,” then, if the listener understands, he commits an offense entailing expulsion when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

202The section based on all items with a speech extension is finished.

203The successive permutation series with a speech extension is finished.

204The exposition of the section on “meaning to say” is finished.

205Gross hinting: in regard to dwellings
If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk who stayed in your dwelling attained the first absorption,” … is attaining … has attained … obtains … masters … has realized the first absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

206If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk who stayed in your dwelling attained the first absorption,” … is attaining … has attained … obtains … masters … has realized the first absorption,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when four … five … six … seven conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

207If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk who stayed in your dwelling attained the second absorption,” … the third absorption,” … the fourth absorption,” … the emptiness release,” … the signless release,” … the desireless release,” … the emptiness stillness,” … the signless stillness,” … the desireless stillness,” … the emptiness attainment,” … the signless attainment,” … the desireless attainment,” … the three true insights,” … the four applications of mindfulness,” … the four right efforts,” … the four foundations for supernormal power,” … the five spiritual faculties,” … the five spiritual powers,” … the seven factors of awakening,” … the noble eightfold path,” … the fruit of streamentry,” … the fruit of once-returning,” … the fruit of non-returning,” … perfection,” … is attaining … has attained … obtains … masters … has realized perfection,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when three conditions are fulfilled.

208If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk who stayed in your dwelling has given up sensual desire … has given up ill will … has given up confusion, renounced it, let it go, abandoned it, relinquished it, forsaken it, thrown it aside,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when three conditions are fulfilled.

209If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk who stayed in your dwelling has a mind free from the hindrance of sensual desire,” … a mind free from the hindrance of ill will,” … a mind free from the hindrance of confusion,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

210If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk who stayed in your dwelling attained the first absorption in solitude,” … the second absorption … the third absorption … the fourth absorption … is attaining … has attained … obtains … masters … has realized the fourth absorption in solitude,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

211Gross hinting: in regard to any requisite
The remainder should be given in detail in the same way:

212If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk who made use of your robe-cloth … who made use of your almsfood … who made use of your furniture … who made use of your medicinal supplies attained the fourth absorption in solitude,” … is attaining … has attained … obtains … masters … has realized the fourth absorption in solitude,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled … he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

213If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk who has made use of your dwelling … who has made use of your robe-cloth … who has made use of your almsfood … who has made use of your furniture … who has made use of your medicinal supplies attained the fourth absorption in solitude,” … is attaining … has attained … obtains … masters … has realized the fourth absorption in solitude,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled … he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

214If he lies in full awareness, saying, “The monk you gave a dwelling to … you gave robe-cloth to … you gave almsfood to … you gave furniture to … you gave medicinal supplies to, he attained the fourth absorption in solitude,” … is attaining … has attained … obtains … masters … he has realized the fourth absorption in solitude,” then, if the listener understands, he commits a serious offense when three conditions are fulfilled; if the listener does not understand, he commits an offense of wrong conduct when three conditions are fulfilled … when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

215The successive fifteen are finished.

216The exposition of the section on that connected with requisites is finished.

217The successive permutation series on superhuman qualities is finished.

218Non-offenses
There is no offense: if he overestimates himself; if he does not intend to make a claim; if he is insane; if he is deranged; if he is overwhelmed by pain; if he is the first offender.

219Summary verses of case studies

220“About overestimation, in the wilderness,
Almsfood, preceptor, behavior;
Fetters, qualities while in solitude,
Dwelling, supported.

221Not difficult, and then energy, fear of death,
Remorseful friend, rightly;
To be reached by energy, to be reached by exertion,
Then two on the enduring of feeling.

222Five cases of a brahmin,
Three on declaring final knowledge;
Home, rejected worldly pleasures,
And delight, set out.

223Bone, and lump—both are cattle butchers;
A morsel is a poultry butcher, a sheep butcher is flayed;
And a pig butcher and sword, a deer hunter and knife,
And a torturer and arrow, a horse trainer and needle.

224And a slanderer is sewn,
A corrupt magistrate had testicles as burden;
An adulterer submerged in a pit,
An eater of feces was a wicked brahmin.

225A flayed woman was an adulteress,
An ugly woman was a fortune-teller;
A sweating woman poured coals on a co-wife,
A beheaded man was an executioner.

226A monk, a nun, a trainee nun,
A novice monk, then a novice nun—
These having gone forth in the training of Kassapa
did bad deeds right there.

227The Tapodā, battle in Rājagaha,
And with the plunging in of elephants;
The perfected monk Sobhita
recalled five hundred eons.”

228Case studies, part 1
At one time a monk declared final knowledge because of overestimation. He became anxious, thinking, “The Buddha has laid down a training rule. Could it be that I’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion?” He told the Buddha. “There’s no offense for overestimates.”

229At one time a monk lived in the wilderness because he wanted people to esteem him. People esteemed him. He became anxious … “There’s no offense entailing expulsion.

230But, monks, you should not live in the wilderness because of a wish. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

231At one time a monk was walking for almsfood because he wanted people to esteem him. People esteemed him. He became anxious … “There’s no offense entailing expulsion.

232But, monks, you should not walk for almsfood because of a wish. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

233At one time a monk said to another monk, “Those who are pupils of our preceptor are all perfected ones.” He became anxious … “What were you thinking, monk?”

234“I wanted to make a claim, sir.”

235“There’s no offense entailing expulsion, but there’s a serious offense.”

236At one time a monk said to another monk, “Those who are pupils of our preceptor all have great supernormal power.” He became anxious … “What were you thinking, monk?”

237“I wanted to make a claim, sir.”

238“There’s no offense entailing expulsion, but there’s a serious offense.”

239At one time a monk did walking meditation because he wanted people to esteem him … stood because he wanted people to esteem him … sat because he wanted people to esteem him … lay down because he wanted people to esteem him. People esteemed him. He became anxious … “There’s no offense entailing expulsion.

240But, monks, you should not lie down because of a wish. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

241At one time a monk claimed a superhuman quality to another monk, saying, “I’ve abandoned the fetters.” He became anxious … “You’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

242At one time a monk claimed a superhuman quality while in solitude. A monk who could read minds rebuked him, saying, “No, you haven’t got it.” He became anxious … “There’s no offense entailing expulsion, but there’s an offense of wrong conduct.”

243At one time a monk claimed a superhuman quality while in solitude. A god rebuked him, saying, “No, sir, you haven’t got it.” He became anxious … “There’s no offense entailing expulsion, but there’s an offense of wrong conduct.”

244At one time a monk said to a lay follower, “The monk living in your dwelling is a perfected one.” He was the one who lived in that dwelling. He became anxious … “What were you thinking, monk?”

245“I wanted to make a claim, sir.”

246“There’s no offense entailing expulsion, but there’s a serious offense.”

247At one time a monk said to a lay follower, “The one you support with with robe-cloth, almsfood, a dwelling, and medicinal supplies, he’s a perfected one.” He was the one who was supported in that way. He became anxious … “What were you thinking, monk?”

248“I wanted to make a claim, sir.”

249“There’s no offense entailing expulsion, but there’s a serious offense.”

250At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “Venerable, do you have any superhuman qualities?”

251“It’s not difficult to declare final knowledge.”

252He became anxious, thinking, “Those who are true disciples of the Buddha may say that, but I’m no such disciple. Could it be that I’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion?” He told the Buddha. “What were you thinking, monk?”

253“I didn’t intend to make a claim, sir.”

254“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

255At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “Venerable, do you have any superhuman qualities?”

256“Superhuman qualities are attained by those who are energetic.” He became anxious …

257“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

258At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “Don’t be afraid.”

259“I’m not afraid of death.” He became anxious …

260“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

261At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “Don’t be afraid.”

262“One who’s remorseful might be afraid.” He became anxious …

263“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

264At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “Venerable, do you have any superhuman qualities?”

265“Superhuman qualities are attained by those who apply themselves rightly.” He became anxious …

266“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

267At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “Venerable, do you have any superhuman qualities?”

268“Superhuman qualities are attained by those who are energetic.” He became anxious …

269“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

270At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “Venerable, do you have any superhuman qualities?”

271“Superhuman qualities are attained by those who exert themselves.” He became anxious …

272“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

273At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “We hope you’re bearing up? We hope you’re comfortable?”

274“It’s not possible for just anyone to endure this.” He became anxious …

275“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

276At one time a monk was ill. The monks said to him, “We hope you’re bearing up? We hope you’re comfortable?”

277“It’s not possible for an ordinary person to endure this.” He became anxious …

278“What were you thinking, monk?”

279“I intended to make a claim, sir.”

280“There’s no offense entailing expulsion, but there’s a serious offense.”

281At one time a brahmin invited the monks, saying, “Perfected sirs, please come.”

282They became anxious, thinking, “We’re not perfected ones, and yet this brahmin speaks to us as if we are. What should we do?” They told the Buddha.

283“There’s no offense when something is spoken in faith.”

284At one time a brahmin invited the monks, saying, “Perfected sirs, please be seated.” … “Perfected sirs, please eat.” … “Perfected sirs, please be satisfied.” … “Perfected sirs, please go.”

285They became anxious, thinking, “We’re not perfected ones, and yet this brahmin speaks to us as if we are. What should we do?” They told the Buddha.

286“There’s no offense when something is spoken in faith.”

287At one time a monk claimed a superhuman quality to another monk, saying, “I’ve abandoned the corruptions.” He became anxious … “You’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

288At one time a monk claimed a superhuman quality to another monk, saying, “I have these qualities.” He became anxious … “You’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

289At one time a monk claimed a superhuman quality to another monk, saying, “I conform to these qualities.” He became anxious … “You’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

290At one time the relatives of a certain monk said to him, “Come, sir, live at home.”

291“One like me is incapable of living at home.” He became anxious …

292“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

293At one time the relatives of a certain monk said to him, “Come, sir, enjoy worldly pleasures.”

294“The pleasures of the world have been rejected by me.” He became anxious …

295“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

296At one time the relatives of a certain monk said to him, “Come, sir, enjoy yourself.”

297“I’m enjoying myself with the highest enjoyment.”

298He became anxious, thinking, “Those who are true disciples of the Buddha may say that, but I’m no such disciple. Could it be that I’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion?” He told the Buddha.

299“What were you thinking, monk?”

300“I didn’t intend to make a claim, sir.”

301“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t intend to make a claim.”

302At one time a number of monks entered the rainy-season residence in a certain monastery, making this agreement: “Whoever sets out from this monastery first, we’ll know him as a perfected one.”

303One of them thought, “Let them think I’m a perfected one,” and he set out first from that monastery. He became anxious …

304“You’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

305Case studies, part 2
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrel sanctuary, Venerable Lakkhaṇa and Venerable Mahāmoggallāna were staying on the Vulture Peak. One morning Mahāmoggallāna robed up, took his bowl and robe, went to Lakkhaṇa, and said, “Lakkhaṇa, let’s enter Rājagaha for almsfood.”

306“Yes.”

307As they descended from the Vulture Peak, Mahāmoggallāna smiled at a certain place. Lakkhaṇa asked him why, and Māhamoggallāna replied,

308“This isn’t the right time to ask. Please ask me in the presence of the Buddha.”

309Then, when they had eaten their meal and returned from almsround, Lakkhaṇa and Mahāmoggallāna went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down. And Lakkhaṇa said to Mahāmoggallāna,

310“Earlier on, as we were descending from the Vulture Peak, you smiled at a certain place. Why was that?”

311“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a skeleton flying through the air. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing it, striking it between the ribs, while it uttered cries of distress. And I thought how amazing and astonishing it is that such a being should exist, such a spirit, such a state of existence.”

312But the monks complained and criticized him, “He’s claiming a superhuman ability!”

313The Buddha then said to them:

314“There are disciples who have vision and knowledge, who can know, see, and witness such things. I too, monks, have seen that being, but I didn’t speak about it. If I had, others wouldn’t have believed me, which would have led to their harm and suffering for a long time. That being was a cattle butcher right here in Rājagaha. As a result of his deeds, he was tormented in hell for many hundreds of thousands of years. And now, because of the remaining result of his actions, he’s experiencing such an existence. Moggallāna spoke truthfully. There’s no offense for Moggallāna.”

315“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a lump of flesh flying through the air. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing it, tearing at it and pulling it to pieces, while it uttered cries of distress. …” …

316“… That being, monks, was a cattle butcher right here in Rājagaha. …”

317“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a morsel of flesh flying through the air. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing it, tearing at it and pulling it to pieces, while it uttered cries of distress. …” …

318“… That being, monks, was a poultry butcher right here in Rājagaha. …”

319“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a flayed man flying through the air. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing him, tearing at him and pulling him to pieces, while he uttered cries of distress. …” …

320“… That being, monks, was a sheep butcher right here in Rājagaha. …”

321“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a man with swords for body hairs flying through the air. Again and again he was stabbed by those swords, while uttering cries of distress. …” …

322“… That being, monks, was a pig butcher right here in Rājagaha. …”

323“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a man with knives for body hairs flying through the air. Again and again he was stabbed by those knives, while uttering cries of distress. …” …

324“… That being, monks, was a deer hunter right here in Rājagaha. …”

325“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a man with arrows for body hairs flying through the air. Again and again he was pierced by those arrows, while uttering cries of distress. …” …

326“… That being, monks, was a torturer right here in Rājagaha. …”

327“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a man with needles for body hairs flying through the air. Again and again he was pierced by those needles, while uttering cries of distress. …” …

328“… That being, monks, was a horse trainer right here in Rājagaha. …”

329“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a man with needles for body hairs flying through the air. Those needles entered his head and came out through his mouth, entered his mouth and came out through his breast, entered his breast and came out through his stomach, entered his stomach and came out through his thighs, entered his thighs and came out through his calves, entered his calves and came out through his feet, as he uttered cries of distress. …” …

330“… That being, monks, was a slanderer right here in Rājagaha. …”

331“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a man flying through the air with testicles like pots. When he moved, he lifted his testicles onto his shoulders; when he sat down, he sat on top of his testicles. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing him, tearing at him and pulling him to pieces, while he uttered cries of distress. …” …

332“… That being, monks, was a corrupt magistrate right here in Rājagaha. …”

333“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a man submerged in a cesspit …” …

334“… That being, monks, was an adulterer right here in Rājagaha. …”

335“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a man submerged in a cesspit, eating feces with both hands …” …

336“… That being, monks, was a wicked brahmin right here in Rājagaha. At the time of Kassapa, the fully Awakened One, he had invited the Sangha of monks to a meal. He filled a trough with feces, had them informed that the meal was ready, and said, ‘Sirs, eat as much as you like and take the leftovers with you.’ …”

337“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a flayed woman flying through the air. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing her, tearing at her and pulling her to pieces, while she uttered cries of distress. …” …

338“… That woman, monks, was an adulteress right here in Rājagaha. …”

339“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a foul-smelling and ugly woman flying through the air. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing her, tearing at her and pulling her to pieces, while she uttered cries of distress. …” …

340“… That woman, monks, was a fortune-teller right here in Rājagaha. …”

341“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a woman flying through the air, roasting, sweltering, and sooty. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing her, tearing at her and pulling her to pieces, while she uttered cries of distress. …” …

342“… That woman, monks, was the chief queen of the king of Kāliṅga. Overcome by jealousy, she poured a pan of burning coals over a rival. …”

343“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw the headless trunk of a body flying through the air, with eyes and mouth on its chest. Vultures, crows, and hawks were pursuing it, tearing at it and pulling it to pieces, while it uttered cries of distress. …” …

344“… That being, monks, was an executioner called Hārika right here in Rājagaha. …”

345“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a monk flying through the air. His outer robe was ablaze and burning, as were his bowl, belt, and body. He uttered cries of distress. …” …

346“… During the time of the Buddha Kassapa’s dispensation, he was a bad monk.” …

347“As I was coming down from the Vulture Peak, I saw a nun … I saw a trainee nun … I saw a novice monk … I saw a novice nun flying through the air. Her outer robe was ablaze and burning, as were her bowl, belt, and body. She uttered cries of distress. And I thought how amazing and astonishing it is that such a being should exist, such a spirit, such a state of existence.”

348But the monks complained and criticized him, “He’s claiming a superhuman ability!”

349The Buddha then said to them:

350“There are disciples who have vision and knowledge, who can know, see, and witness such things. I too, monks, have seen that novice nun, but I didn’t speak about it. If I had, others wouldn’t have believed me, which would have led to their harm and suffering for a long time. During the time of Buddha Kassapa’s dispensation, she was a bad novice nun. As a result of her deeds, she was tormented in hell for many hundreds of thousands of years. And now, because of the remaining result of her actions, she’s experiencing such an existence. Moggallāna spoke truthfully. There’s no offense for Moggallāna.”

351Venerable Mahāmoggallāna said to the monks, “This stream, the Tapodā, flows from a lake with clear water—cool, sweet, and pure—with smooth and pleasant banks, with an abundance of fish and turtles, and with blooming lotuses the size of wheels.”

352The monks complained and criticized him, “How can Venerable Mahāmoggallāna talk like this when the Tapodā is actually hot? He’s claiming a superhuman ability!” And they told the Buddha.

353“Monks, the Tapodā does flow from a lake with clear water—cool, sweet, and pure—with smooth and pleasant banks, with an abundance of fish and turtles, and with blooming lotuses the size of wheels. But the Tapodā runs between two great hells. That’s why it’s hot. Moggallāna spoke truthfully. There’s no offense for Moggallāna.”

354At one time King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha was defeated in battle by the Licchavīs. The king then rallied his army and beat the Licchavīs. People were delighted and the word spread that the Licchavīs had been defeated by the king.

355But Venerable Mahāmoggallāna said to the monks, “The king was defeated by the Licchavīs.”

356The monks complained and criticized him, “How can Venerable Moggallāna talk like this when people are delighted and the word is spreading that the Licchavīs have been defeated by the king? He’s claiming a superhuman ability!” They told the Buddha.

357“Monks, first the king was defeated by the Licchavīs, but then he rallied his army and beat them. Moggallāna spoke truthfully. There’s no offense for Moggallāna.”

358Venerable Mahāmoggallāna said to the monks, “After attaining an unshakable stillness on the banks of the river Sappinikā, I heard the sound of elephants plunging in and emerging from the water, and trumpeting too.”

359The monks complained and criticized him, “How can Venerable Mahāmoggallāna talk like this? He’s claiming a superhuman ability!” They told the Buddha.

360“Monks, there is such a stillness, but it’s not wholly purified. Moggallāna spoke truthfully. There’s no offense for Moggallāna.”

361Venerable Sobhita said to the monks, “I can recall five hundred eons.”

362The monks complained and criticized him, “How can Venerable Sobhita talk like this? He’s claiming a superhuman ability!” They told the Buddha.

363“Monks, Sobhita has this ability, and that was just one birth. Sobhita spoke truthfully. There’s no offense for Sobhita.”

364The fourth offense entailing expulsion is finished.

365“Venerables, the four rules on expulsion have been recited. If a monk commits any one of them, he is no longer part of the community of monks. As before, so after: he’s expelled and excluded from the community. In regard to this I ask you, ‘Are you pure in this?’ A second time I ask, ‘Are you pure in this?’ A third time I ask, ‘Are you pure in this?’ You are pure in this and therefore silent. I will remember it thus.”

366The offenses entailing expulsion are finished.

367This is the summary:

368“Sexual intercourse, and stealing,
Person, super—
The four offenses entailing expulsion,
Definitive grounds for cutting off.”

369The chapter on offenses entailing expulsion is finished.