Vinaya — Regras dos Monges (Bhikkhu Vibhaṅga) — Exchanging an almsbowl with fewer than five mends

1Origin story
At one time the Buddha was staying in the Sakyan country in the Banyan Tree Monastery at Kapilavatthu. At that time a potter had invited the monks, saying, “If any of you needs an almsbowl, I’ll provide it.” But the monks had no sense of moderation, and they asked for many bowls. Those who had small bowls asked for large ones, and those who had large bowls asked for small ones. The potter was so busy making bowls for the monks that he was unable to make goods for sale. He could not make a living for himself, and his wives and children suffered. People complained and criticized them, “How can the Sakyan monastics have no sense of moderation and ask for many bowls? This potter is so busy making bowls for them that he is unable to make goods for sale. He is unable to make a living for himself, and his wives and children are suffering.”

2The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How can those monks have no sense of moderation and ask for many bowls?”

3After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that there are monks who do this?”

4“It’s true, sir.”

5The Buddha rebuked them … “How can those foolish men do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” After rebuking them, he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

6“Monks, a monk should not ask for an almsbowl. If he does, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.”

7Soon afterwards the bowl of a certain monk broke. Knowing that the Buddha had prohibited asking for a bowl and being afraid of wrongdoing, he did not ask for a new one. As a consequence, he collected almsfood with his hands. People complained and criticized him, “How can the Sakyan monastics collect almsfood with their hands, just like the monastics of other religions?”

8The monks heard the complaints of those people and they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

9“Monks, I allow you to ask for a new almsbowl if your bowl has been lost or is broken.”

10When they heard about the Buddha’s allowance, the monks from the group of six asked for many bowls even when their existing bowls only had a minor chip or scratch. Once again that potter was so busy making bowls for the monks that he was unable to make goods for sale. He could not make a living for himself, and his wives and children suffered. And people complained and criticized them as before.

11The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How can the monks from the group of six ask for many bowls even when their existing bowls only have a minor chip or scratch?”

12After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

13“It’s true, sir.”

14The Buddha rebuked them … “Foolish men, how could you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

15Final ruling
‘If a monk exchanges an almsbowl with fewer than five mends for a new almsbowl, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. That monk should relinquish that almsbowl to a gathering of monks. He should then be given the last almsbowl belonging to that gathering: “Monk, this bowl is yours. Keep it until it breaks.” This is the proper procedure.’”

16Definitions
A:

17whoever …

18Monk:

19… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

20An almsbowl with fewer than five mends:

21it has no mends, one mend, two mends, three mends, or four mends.

22An almsbowl with a mend that does not count:

23one that does not have a fracture of 3.5 cm.

24An almsbowl with a mend that counts:

25one that does have a fracture of 3.5 cm.

26New almsbowl:

27asked for is what is meant.

28Exchanges:

29if he asks, then for the effort there is an act of wrong conduct. When he gets the bowl, it becomes subject to relinquishment.

30It should be relinquished in the midst of the Sangha. All determined bowls should be brought together. One should not determine an inferior bowl, thinking, “I’ll get a valuable one.”

31If one determines an inferior bowl, thinking, “I’ll get a valuable one,” one commits an offense of wrong conduct.

32“And, monks, it should be relinquished like this. After approaching the Sangha, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:

33‘Venerables, this almsbowl, which I got in exchange for a bowl that had fewer than five mends, is to be relinquished. I relinquish it to the Sangha.’”

34After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense. The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk.

35A monk who has five qualities should be appointed as the distributor of almsbowls: he’s not biased by favoritism, ill will, confusion, or fear, and he knows what has and has not been distributed. “And, monks, he should be appointed like this. First the monk should be asked, and then a competent and capable monk should inform the Sangha:

36‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. If the Sangha is ready, it should appoint monk so-and-so as the distributor of almsbowls. This is the motion.

37Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. The Sangha appoints monk so-and-so as the distributor of almsbowls. Any monk who approves of appointing monk so-and-so as the distributor of almsbowls should remain silent. Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up.

38The Sangha has appointed monk so-and-so as the distributor of almsbowls. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I will remember it thus.’”

39The appointed monk should give away that relinquished bowl. He should ask the most senior monk, “Sir, would you like this bowl?” If the most senior monk takes it, his old bowl should be offered to the next monk.

40He should not not take that bowl out of sympathy. If he does, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

41It is not to be offered to anyone who does not have bowl. In this manner it should be offered all the way to the most junior monk in the Sangha.

42He should then be given the last almsbowl belonging to that gathering: “Monk, this bowl is yours. Keep it until it breaks”:

43That monk is not to store that bowl in an unsuitable place, use it in an unsuitable way, or give it away, thinking, “How may this bowl be lost, destroyed, or broken?” If he stores it in an unsuitable place, uses it in an unsuitable way, or gives it away, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

44This is the proper procedure:

45this is the right method.

46Permutations
If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl without mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with one mend, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with two mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with three mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

47If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl without mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with one mend, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with two mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with three mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

48If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl without mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

49If he exchanges a bowl with three mends for a bowl without mends … for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … If he exchanges a bowl with three mends for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

50If he exchanges a bowl with four mends for a bowl without mends … for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

51If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl without mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

52If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl without mends that count … for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

53If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl without mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

54If he exchanges a bowl with three mends for a bowl without mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with three mends for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

55If he exchanges a bowl with four mends for a bowl without mends that count … for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

56If he exchanges a bowl without mends that count for a bowl without mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends that count for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. …

57If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl without mends … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

58If he exchanges a bowl without mends that count for a bowl without mends that count … for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl without mends that count for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. …

59If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl without mends that count … for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

60Non-offenses
There is no offense: if his almsbowl is lost; if his almsbowl is broken; if it is from relatives; if it is from those who have given an invitation; if it is for the benefit of someone else; if it is by means of his own property; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.

61The training rule on exchanging an almsbowl with fewer than five mends, the second, is finished.