Vinaya — Parivāra — The legal issues and their settling

11. The section with a succession on legal issues
In regard to legal issues arising from disputes: What is the forerunner? How many reasons are there? How many grounds? How many foundations? How many causes? How many roots? Through how many motives does one dispute? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes settled?

2In regard to legal issues arising from accusations: What is the forerunner? How many reasons are there? How many grounds? How many foundations? How many causes? How many roots? Through how many motives does one accuse? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations settled?

3In regard to legal issues arising from offenses: What is the forerunner? How many reasons are there? How many grounds? How many foundations? How many causes? How many roots? Through how many motives does one commit an offense? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from offenses settled?

4In regard to legal issues arising from business: What is the forerunner? How many reasons are there? How many grounds? How many foundations? How many causes? How many roots? Through how many motives does one give rise to business? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from business settled?

5“What is the forerunner of legal issues arising from disputes?” Desire is a forerunner, ill will is a forerunner, confusion is a forerunner, non-desire is a forerunner, non-ill will is a forerunner, non-confusion is a forerunner. “How many reasons are there?” The eighteen grounds for schism. “How many grounds are there?” The eighteen grounds for schism. “How many foundations are there?” The eighteen grounds for schism. “How many causes are there?” Nine: there are three wholesome causes, three unwholesome causes, and three indeterminate causes. “How many roots are there?” Twelve. “Through how many motives does one dispute?” Through two: through a view that accords with the Teaching or through a view that is contrary to the Teaching. “Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes settled?” Through two of them: through resolution face-to-face and through majority decision.

6“What is the forerunner of legal issues arising from accusations?” Desire is a forerunner, ill will is a forerunner, confusion is a forerunner, non-desire is a forerunner, non-ill will is a forerunner, non-confusion is a forerunner. “How many reasons are there?” The four failures. “How many grounds are there?” The four failures. “How many foundations are there?” The four failures. “How many causes are there?” Nine: there are three wholesome causes, three unwholesome causes, and three indeterminate causes. “How many roots are there?” Fourteen. “Through how many motives does one accuse?” Through two: through action or through offense. “Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations settled?” Through four of them: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

7“What is the forerunner of legal issues arising from offenses?” Desire is a forerunner, ill will is a forerunner, confusion is a forerunner, non-desire is a forerunner, non-ill will is a forerunner, non-confusion is a forerunner. “How many reasons are there?” The seven classes of offenses. “How many grounds are there?” The seven classes of offenses. “How many foundations are there?” The seven classes of offenses. “How many causes are there?” Six: three unwholesome causes and three indeterminate causes. “How many roots are there?” The six originations of offenses. “Through how many motives does one commit an offense?” Through six: through shamelessness, through ignorance, through being overcome by anxiety, through perceiving what is unallowable as allowable, through perceiving what is allowable as unallowable, through absentmindedness. “Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from offenses settled?” Through three of them: through resolution face-to-face and through acting according to what has been admitted, and through resolution face-to-face and through covering over as if with grass.

8“What is the forerunner of legal issues arising from business?” Desire is a forerunner, ill will is a forerunner, confusion is a forerunner, non-desire is a forerunner, non-ill will is a forerunner, non-confusion is a forerunner. “How many reasons are there?” The four legal procedures. “How many grounds are there?” The four legal procedures. “How many foundations are there?” The four legal procedures. “How many causes are there?” Nine: there are three wholesome causes, three unwholesome causes, and three indeterminate causes. “How many roots are there?” One: The Sangha. “Through how many motives does one give rise to business?” Through two: through a motion or through getting permission. “Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from business settled?” Through one: through resolution face-to-face.

9How many principles for settling are there? Seven: resolution face-to-face, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, majority decision, further penalty, and covering over as if with grass.

10With a different presentation, might the seven principles for settling become ten, and the ten become seven? They might.

11How? Legal issues arising from disputes are settled through two principles, legal issues arising from accusations are settled through four principles, legal issues arising from offenses are settled through three principles, legal issues arising from business are settled through one principle. In this way, the seven principles for settling become ten, and the ten become seven.

12The sixth section on “a different presentation” is finished.

132. The section on “in common”
How many of the principles for settling legal issues arising from disputes do the monks and the nuns have in common? How many do they not have in common? How many of the principles for settling legal issues arising from accusations do the monks and the nuns have in common? How many do they not have in common? How many of the principles for settling legal issues arising from offenses do the monks and the nuns have in common? How many do they not have in common? How many of the principles for settling legal issues arising from business do the monks and the nuns have in common? How many do they not have in common?

14They have two principles for settling legal issues arising from disputes in common: resolution face-to-face and majority decision. And they have five not in common: resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, and covering over as if with grass.

15They have four principles for settling legal issues arising from accusations in common: resolution face-to-face, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, and further penalty. And they have three not in common: majority decision, acting according to what has been admitted, and covering over as if with grass.

16They have three principles for settling legal issues arising from offenses in common: resolution face-to-face, acting according to what has been admitted, and covering over as if with grass. And they have four not in common: majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, and further penalty.

17They have one principle for settling legal issues arising from business in common: resolution face-to-face. And they have six not in common: majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, and covering over as if with grass.

18The seventh section on “in common” is finished.

193. The section on “belonging to that”
How many principles for settling are there that belong to legal issues arising from disputes? How many belong to something else? How many principles for settling are there that belong to legal issues arising from accusations? How many belong to something else? How many principles for settling are there that belong to legal issues arising from offenses? How many belong to something else? How many principles for settling are there that belong to legal issues arising from business? How many belong to something else?

20There are two principles for settling that belong to legal issues arising from disputes: resolution face-to-face and majority decision. And there are five that belong to something else: resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, and covering over as if with grass.

21There are four principles for settling that belong to legal issues arising from accusations: resolution face-to-face, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, and further penalty. And there are three that belong to something else: majority decision, acting according to what has been admitted, and covering over as if with grass.

22There are three principles for settling that belong to legal issues arising from offenses: resolution face-to-face, acting according to what has been admitted, and covering over as if with grass. And there are four that belong to something else: majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, and further penalty.

23There is one principle for settling that belongs to legal issues arising from business: resolution face-to-face. And there are six that belong to something else: majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, and covering over as if with grass.

24The eighth section on “belonging to that” is finished

254. The section on different principles for settling used in common
One principle for settling is used in common with another principle for settling, and one principle for settling is not used in common with another principle for settling. It may be that one principle for settling is used in common with another principle for settling, and it may be that one principle for settling is not used in common with another principle for settling.

26How may it be that one principle for settling is used in common with another principle for settling? How may it be that one principle for settling is not used in common with another principle for settling?

27Majority decision is used in common with resolution face-to-face. It is not used in common with resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, or covering over as if with grass.

28Resolution through recollection is used in common with resolution face-to-face. It is not used in common with resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, or majority decision.

29Resolution because of past insanity is used in common with resolution face-to-face. It is not used in common with acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, majority decision, or resolution through recollection.

30Acting according to what has been admitted is used in common with resolution face-to-face. It is not used in common with further penalty, covering over as if with grass, majority decision, resolution through recollection, or resolution because of past insanity.

31Further penalty is used in common with resolution face-to-face. It is not used in common with covering over as if with grass, majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, or acting according to what has been admitted.

32Covering over as if with grass is used in common with resolution face-to-face. It is not used in common with majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, or further penalty.

34The ninth section on different principles for settling used in common is finished.

355. The section on different principles for settling belonging with each other
One principle for settling belongs with another principle for settling, and one principle for settling does not belong with another principle for settling. It may be that one principle for settling belongs with another principle for settling, and it may be that one principle for settling does not belong with another principle for settling.

36How may it be that one principle for settling belongs with another principle for settling? How may it be that one principle for settling does not belong with another principle for settling?

37Majority decision belongs with resolution face-to-face. It does not belong with resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, or covering over as if with grass.

38Resolution through recollection belongs with resolution face-to-face. It does not belong with resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, or majority decision.

39Resolution because of past insanity belongs with resolution face-to-face. It does not belong with acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, majority decision, or resolution through recollection.

40Acting according to what has been admitted belongs with resolution face-to-face. It does not belong with further penalty, covering over as if with grass, majority decision, resolution through recollection, or resolution because of past insanity.

41Further penalty belongs with resolution face-to-face. It does not belong with covering over as if with grass, majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, or acting according to what has been admitted.

42Covering over as if with grass belongs with resolution face-to-face. It does not belong with majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, or further penalty.

44The tenth section on different principles for settling belonging with each other is finished.

456. The section on “is a principle for settling also resolution face-to-face?”
Is a principle for settling also resolution face-to-face, and is resolution face-to-face also a principle for settling? Is a principle for settling also a majority decision, and is a majority decision also a principle for settling? Is a principle for settling also resolution through recollection, and is resolution through recollection also a principle for settling? Is a principle for settling also resolution because of past insanity, and is resolution because of past insanity also a principle for settling? Is a principle for settling also acting according to what has been admitted, and is acting according to what has been admitted also a principle for settling? Is a principle for settling also a further penalty, and is a further penalty also a principle for settling? Is a principle for settling also covering over as if with grass, and is covering over as if with grass also a principle for settling?

46Majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, and covering over as if with grass: these principles for settling are principles for settling, but they are not resolution face-to-face. Resolution face-to-face is both a principle for settling and also resolution face-to-face.

47Resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, and resolution face-to-face: these principles for settling are principles for settling, but they are not majority decision. Majority decision is both a principle for settling and also majority decision.

48Resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, resolution face-to-face, and majority decision: these principles for settling are principles for settling, but they are not resolution through recollection. Resolution through recollection is both a principle for settling and also resolution through recollection.

49Acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, resolution face-to-face, majority decision, and resolution through recollection: these principles for settling are principles for settling, but they are not resolution because of past insanity. Resolution because of past insanity is both a principle for settling and also resolution because of past insanity.

50Further penalty, covering over as if with grass, resolution face-to-face, majority decision, resolution through recollection, and resolution because of past insanity: these principles for settling are principles for settling, but they are not acting according to what has been admitted. Acting according to what has been admitted is both a principle for settling and also acting according to what has been admitted.

51Covering over as if with grass, resolution face-to-face, majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, and acting according to what has been admitted: these principles for settling are principles for settling, but they are not further penalty. Further penalty is both a principle for settling and also further penalty.

52Resolution face-to-face, majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, and further penalty: these principles for settling are principles for settling, but they are not covering over as if with grass. Covering over as if with grass is both a principle for settling and also covering over as if with grass.

53The eleventh section on “is a principle for settling also resolution face-to-face?” is finished.

547. The section on resolution
Is a resolution also resolution face-to-face, and is resolution face-to-face also a resolution? Is a resolution also a majority decision, and is a majority decision also a resolution? Is a resolution also resolution through recollection, and is resolution through recollection also a resolution? Is a resolution also resolution because of past insanity, and is resolution because of past insanity also a resolution? Is a resolution also acting according to what has been admitted, and is acting according to what has been admitted also a resolution? Is a resolution also a further penalty, and is a further penalty also a resolution? Is a resolution also covering over as if with grass, and is covering over as if with grass also a resolution?

55A resolution may be resolution face-to-face, or it may not be resolution face-to-face. Resolution face-to-face is both a resolution and also resolution face-to-face.

56A resolution may be a majority decision, or it may not be a majority decision. A majority decision is both a resolution and also a majority decision.

57A resolution may be resolution through recollection, or it may not be resolution through recollection. Resolution through recollection is both a resolution and also resolution through recollection.

58A resolution may be resolution because of past insanity, or it may not be resolution because of past insanity. Resolution because of past insanity is both a resolution and also resolution because of past insanity.

59A resolution may be acting according to what has been admitted, or it may not be acting according to what has been admitted. Acting according to what has been admitted is both a resolution and also acting according to what has been admitted.

60A resolution may be a further penalty, or it may not be a further penalty. A further penalty is both a resolution and also a further penalty.

61A resolution may be covering over as if with grass, or it may not be covering over as if with grass. Covering over as if with grass is both a resolution and also covering over as if with grass.

62The twelfth section on resolution is finished.

638. The section on the wholesome
Is resolution face-to-face wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Is a majority decision wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Is resolution through recollection wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Is resolution because of past insanity wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Is acting according to what has been admitted wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Is a further penalty wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Is covering over as if with grass wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate?

64Resolution face-to-face may be wholesome or indeterminate; resolution face-to-face is never unwholesome. A majority decision may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate. Resolution through recollection may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate. Resolution because of past insanity may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate. Acting according to what has been admitted may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate. A further penalty may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate. Covering over as if with grass, may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate.

71Are legal issues arising from disputes wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Are legal issues arising from accusations wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Are legal issues arising from offenses wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate? Are legal issues arising from business wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate?

72Legal issues arising from disputes may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate. Legal issues arising from accusations may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate. Legal issues arising from offenses may be unwholesome or indeterminate; legal issues arising from offenses are never wholesome. Legal issues arising from business may be wholesome, unwholesome, or indeterminate.

76The thirteenth section on the wholesome is finished.

779. The section on “where”, the section on questioning
Resolution face-to-face is appropriate where majority decision is appropriate. Majority decision is appropriate where resolution face-to-face is appropriate. But there, resolution through recollection is not appropriate, nor is resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, or covering over as if with grass.

78Resolution face-to-face is appropriate where resolution through recollection is appropriate. Resolution through recollection is appropriate where resolution face-to-face is appropriate. But there, resolution because of past insanity is not appropriate, nor is acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, or majority decision.

79Resolution face-to-face is appropriate where resolution because of past insanity is appropriate. Resolution because of past insanity is appropriate where resolution face-to-face is appropriate. But there, acting according to what has been admitted is not appropriate, nor is further penalty, covering over as if with grass, majority decision, or resolution through recollection.

80Resolution face-to-face is appropriate where acting according to what has been admitted is appropriate. Acting according to what has been admitted is appropriate where resolution face-to-face is appropriate. But there, further penalty is not appropriate, nor is covering over as if with grass, majority decision, resolution through recollection, or resolution because of past insanity.

81Resolution face-to-face is appropriate where further penalty is appropriate. Further penalty is appropriate where resolution face-to-face is appropriate. But there, covering over as if with grass is not appropriate, nor is majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, or acting according to what has been admitted.

82Resolution face-to-face is appropriate where covering over as if with grass is appropriate. Covering over as if with grass is appropriate where resolution face-to-face is appropriate. But there, majority decision is not appropriate, nor is resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, or further penalty.

83Where there is majority decision, there is resolution face-to-face. Where there is resolution face-to-face, there is majority decision. But there is no resolution through recollection there, nor resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, or covering over as if with grass.

84Where there is resolution through recollection, there is resolution face-to-face. Where there is resolution face-to-face, there is resolution through recollection. But there is no resolution because of past insanity there, nor acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, or majority decision. Resolution face-to-face to be done as the basis …

85Where there is covering over as if with grass, there is resolution face-to-face. Where there is resolution face-to-face, there is covering over as if with grass. But there is no majority decision there, nor resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, or further penalty.

86The successive permutation series.

87The fourteenth section on “where” is finished.

8810. The section on settling, the section on responding
On an occasion when a legal issue is being resolved through resolution face-to-face and majority decision, then, where majority decision is appropriate, there resolution face-to-face is appropriate, and where resolution face-to-face is appropriate, there majority decision is appropriate. But there resolution through recollection is not appropriate, nor is resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, or covering over as if with grass.

89On an occasion when a legal issue is being resolved through resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection, then, where resolution through recollection is appropriate, there resolution face-to-face is appropriate, and where resolution face-to-face is appropriate, there resolution through recollection is appropriate. But there resolution because of past insanity is not appropriate, nor is acting according to what has been admitted, further penalty, covering over as if with grass, or majority decision.

90On an occasion when a legal issue is being resolved through resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity, then, where resolution because of past insanity is appropriate, there resolution face-to-face is appropriate, and where resolution face-to-face is appropriate, there resolution because of past insanity is appropriate. But there acting according to what has been admitted is not appropriate, nor is further penalty, covering over as if with grass, majority decision, or resolution through recollection.

91On an occasion when a legal issue is being resolved through resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted, then, where acting according to what has been admitted is appropriate, there resolution face-to-face is appropriate, and where resolution face-to-face is appropriate, there acting according to what has been admitted is appropriate. But there further penalty is not appropriate, nor is covering over as if with grass, majority decision, resolution through recollection, or resolution because of past insanity.

92On an occasion when a legal issue is being resolved through resolution face-to-face and further penalty, then, where further penalty is appropriate, there resolution face-to-face is appropriate, and where resolution face-to-face is appropriate, there further penalty is appropriate. But there covering over as if with grass is not appropriate, nor is majority decision, resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, or acting according to what has been admitted.

93On an occasion when a legal issue is being resolved through resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass, then, where covering over as if with grass is appropriate, there resolution face-to-face is appropriate, and where resolution face-to-face is appropriate, there covering over as if with grass is appropriate. But there majority decision is not appropriate, nor is resolution through recollection, resolution because of past insanity, acting according to what has been admitted, or further penalty.

94The fifteenth section on settling is finished.

9511. The section on connection
“Are ‘legal issue’ and ‘principle for settling’ connected or disconnected? Is it possible to completely separate them and point to their difference?”

96“‘Legal issue’ and ‘principle for settling’ are disconnected, not connected, and it’s possible to completely separate them and point to their difference”: they should be told not to say this. “‘Legal issue’ and ‘principle for settling’ are connected, not disconnected, and it’s impossible to completely separate them and point to their difference. Why’s that? Didn’t the Buddha say that there are four kinds of legal issues and seven principles for settling? Legal issues are settled through the principles for settling; the principles for settling are settled through legal issues. In this way they are connected, not disconnected, and it’s impossible to completely separate them and point to their difference.”

97The sixteenth section on connection is finished.

9812. The section on settling
Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes settled? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations settled? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from offenses settled? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from business settled?

99Legal issues arising from disputes are settled through two principles: through resolution face-to-face and through majority decision.

100Legal issues arising from accusations are settled through four principles: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

101Legal issues arising from offenses are settled through three principles: through resolution face-to-face, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass.

102Legal issues arising from business are settled through one principle: through resolution face-to-face.

103Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes and legal issues arising from accusations settled? Through five: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

104Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes and legal issues arising from offenses settled? Through four: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass.

105Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes and legal issues arising from business settled? Through two: through resolution face-to-face, and through majority decision.

106Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations and legal issues arising from offenses settled? Through six: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

107Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations and legal issues arising from business settled? Through four: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

108Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from offenses and legal issues arising from business settled? Through three: through resolution face-to-face, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass.

109Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, and legal issues arising from offenses settled? Through seven: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

110Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, and legal issues arising from business settled? Through five: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

111Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, and legal issues arising from business settled? Through six: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

112Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, and legal issues arising from business settled? Through seven: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

113The seventeenth section on settling is finished.

11413. The section on settling and not settling
Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes settled, and through how many principles are they not settled? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations settled, and through how many principles are they not settled? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from offenses settled, and through how many principles are they not settled? Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from business settled, and through how many principles are they not settled?

115Legal issues arising from disputes are settled through two principles: through resolution face-to-face, and through majority decision. It is not settled through five principles: through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

116Legal issues arising from accusations are settled through four principles: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty. It is not settled through three principles: through majority decision, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass.

117Legal issues arising from offenses are settled through three principles: through resolution face-to-face, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass. It is not settled through four principles: through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

118Legal issues arising from business are settled through one principle: through resolution face-to-face. It is not settled through six principles: through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

119Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes and legal issues arising from accusations settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through five principles: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty. They are not settled through two principles: through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass.

120Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes and legal issues arising from offenses settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through four principles: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass. They are not settled through three principles: through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

121Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes and legal issues arising from business settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through two principles: through resolution face-to-face, and through majority decision. They are not settled through five principles: through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

122Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations and legal issues arising from offenses settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through six principles: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass. They are not settled through one principle: through majority decision.

123Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations and legal issues arising from business settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through four principles: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty. They are not settled through three principles: through majority decision, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass.

124Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from offenses and legal issues arising from business settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through three principles: through resolution face-to-face, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass. They are not settled through four principles: through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

125Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, and legal issues arising from offenses settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through seven principles: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

126Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, and legal issues arising from business settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through five principles: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty. They are not settled through two principles: through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass.

127Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, and legal issues arising from business settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through six principles: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass. They are not settled through one principle: through majority decision.

128Through how many principles for settling are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, and legal issues arising from business settled? Through how many principles are they not settled? They are settled through seven principles: through resolution face-to-face, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, and through covering over as if with grass.

129The eighteenth section on settling and not settling is finished.

13014. The section on principles for settling and legal issues
Are principles for settling settled through principles for settling? Are principles for settling settled through legal issues? Are legal issues settled through principles for settling? Are legal issues settled through legal issues?

131It may be that principles for settling are settled through principles for settling; it may be that principles for settling are not settled through principles for settling. It may be that principles for settling are settled through legal issues; it may be that principles for settling are not settled through legal issues. It may be that legal issues are settled through principles for settling; it may be that legal issues are not settled through principles for settling. It may be that legal issues are settled through legal issues; it may be that legal issues are not settled through legal issues.

132How may it be that principles for settling are settled through principles for settling? And how may it be that principles for settling are not settled through principles for settling?

133A majority decision is settled through resolution face-to-face. It is not settled through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, or through covering over as if with grass.

134Resolution through recollection is settled through resolution face-to-face. It is not settled through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, through covering over as if with grass, or through majority decision.

135Resolution because of past insanity is settled through resolution face-to-face. It is not settled through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, through covering over as if with grass, through majority decision, or through resolution through recollection.

136Acting according to what has been admitted is settled through resolution face-to-face. It is not settled through further penalty, through covering over as if with grass, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, or through resolution because of past insanity.

137A further penalty is settled through resolution face-to-face. It is not settled through covering over as if with grass, through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, or through acting according to what has been admitted.

138Covering over as if with grass is settled through resolution face-to-face. It is not settled through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, or through further penalty.

139How may it be that principles for settling are settled through legal issues? How may it be that principles for settling are not settled through legal issues?

140Resolution face-to-face is not settled through a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense. It is settled through a legal issue arising from business.

141A majority decision is not settled through a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense. It is settled through a legal issue arising from business.

142Resolution through recollection is not settled through a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense. It is settled through a legal issue arising from business.

143Resolution because of past insanity is not settled through a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense. It is settled through a legal issue arising from business.

144Acting according to what has been admitted is not settled through a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense. It is settled through a legal issue arising from business.

145A further penalty is not settled through a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense. It is settled through a legal issue arising from business.

146Covering over as if with grass is not settled through a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense. It is settled through a legal issue arising from business.

147How may it be that legal issues are settled through principles for settling? How may it be that legal issues are not settled through principles for settling?

148Legal issues arising from disputes are settled through resolution face-to-face and through majority decision. They are not settled through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, or through covering over as if with grass.

149Legal issues arising from accusations are settled through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty. They are not settled through majority decision, through acting according to what has been admitted, or through covering over as if with grass.

150Legal issues arising from offenses are settled through resolution face-to-face, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass. They are not settled through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, or through further penalty.

151Legal issues arising from business are settled through resolution face-to-face. They are not settled through majority decision, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, through acting according to what has been admitted, through further penalty, or through covering over as if with grass.

152How may it be that legal issues are settled through legal issues? How may it be that legal issues are not settled through legal issues?

153Legal issues arising from disputes are not settled through legal issues arising from disputes, through legal issues arising from accusations, or through legal issues arising from offenses. They are settled through legal issues arising from business.

154Legal issues arising from accusations are not settled through legal issues arising from disputes, through legal issues arising from accusations, or through legal issues arising from offenses. They are settled through legal issues arising from business.

155Legal issues arising from offenses are not settled through legal issues arising from disputes, through legal issues arising from accusations, or through legal issues arising from offenses. They are settled through legal issues arising from business.

156Legal issues arising from business are not settled through legal issues arising from disputes, through legal issues arising from accusations, or through legal issues arising from offenses. They are settled through legal issues arising from business.

157The six principles for settling and the four legal issues are settled through resolution face-to-face. Resolution face-to-face is not settled through anything.

158The nineteenth section on principles for settling and legal issues is finished.

15915. The section on causing to originate
Which of the four legal issues causes legal issues arising from disputes to originate? None of them. Nevertheless, the four legal issues are produced from legal issues arising from disputes. How is that? It may be that monks are disputing, saying, “This is the Teaching”, “This is contrary to the Teaching”, “This is the Monastic Law”, “This is contrary to the Monastic Law”, “This was spoken by the Buddha”, “This wasn’t spoken by the Buddha”, “This was practiced by the Buddha”, “This wasn’t practiced by the Buddha”, “This was laid down by the Buddha”, “This wasn’t laid down by the Buddha”, “This is an offense”, “This isn’t an offense”, “This is a light offense”, “This is a heavy offense”, “This is a curable offense”, “This is an incurable offense”, “This is a grave offense”, or “This is a minor offense.” In regard to this, whatever there is of quarreling, arguing, conflict, disputing, variety in opinion, difference in opinion, heated speech, or strife—this is called a legal issue arising from a dispute. When, during a legal issue arising from a dispute, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business.

160Which of the four legal issues causes legal issues arising from accusations to originate? None of them. Nevertheless, the four legal issues are produced from legal issues arising from accusations. How is that? It may be that monks accuse a monk of failure in morality, failure in conduct, failure in view, or failure in livelihood. In regard to this, whatever there is of accusations, accusing, allegations, blame, taking sides because of friendship, taking part in the accusation, or supporting the accusation—this is called a legal issue arising from an accusation. When, during a legal issue arising from an accusation, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business.

161Which of the four legal issues causes legal issues arising from offenses to originate? None of them. Nevertheless, the four legal issues are produced from legal issues arising from offenses. How is that? There are legal issues arising from offenses because of the five classes of offenses, and there are legal issues arising from offenses because of the seven classes of offenses—these are called legal issues arising from offenses. When, during a legal issue arising from an offense, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business.

162Which of the four legal issues causes legal issues arising from business to originate? None of them. Nevertheless, the four legal issues are produced from legal issues arising from business. How is that? Whatever is the duty or the business of the Sangha—a legal procedure consisting of getting permission, a legal procedure consisting of one motion, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and one announcement, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements—this is called a legal issue arising from business. When, during a legal issue arising from business, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business.

163The twentieth section on causing to originate is finished.

16416. The section on “belonging to”
“To which of the four legal issues do legal issues arising from disputes belong? Which legal issues do they depend on? Which legal issues are they included in? Which legal issues are they grouped with?

165To which of the four legal issues do legal issues arising from accusations belong? Which legal issues do they depend on? Which legal issues are they included in? Which legal issues are they grouped with?

166To which of the four legal issues do legal issues arising from offenses belong? Which legal issues do they depend on? Which legal issues are they included in? Which legal issues are they grouped with?

167To which of the four legal issues do legal issues arising from business belong? Which legal issues do they depend on? Which legal issues are they included in? Which legal issues are they grouped with?

168Legal issues arising from disputes belong to legal issues arising from disputes; they depend on legal issues arising from disputes; they are included in legal issues arising from disputes; they are grouped with legal issues arising from disputes.

169Legal issues arising from accusations belong to legal issues arising from accusations; they depend on legal issues arising from accusations; they are included in legal issues arising from accusations; they are grouped with legal issues arising from accusations.

170Legal issues arising from offenses belong to legal issues arising from offenses; they depend on legal issues arising from offenses; they are included in legal issues arising from offenses; they are grouped with legal issues arising from offenses.

171Legal issues arising from business belong to legal issues arising from business; they depend on legal issues arising from business; they are included in legal issues arising from business; they are grouped with legal issues arising from business.

172To how many of the seven principles for settling do legal issues arising from disputes belong? On how many principles for settling do they depend? In how many principles for settling are they included? With how many principles for settling are they grouped? Through how many principles for settling are they settled?

173To how many of the seven principles for settling do legal issues arising from accusations belong? On how many principles for settling do they depend? In how many principles for settling are they included? With how many principles for settling are they grouped? Through how many principles for settling are they settled?

174To how many of the seven principles for settling do legal issues arising from offenses belong? On how many principles for settling do they depend? In how many principles for settling are they included? With how many principles for settling are they grouped? Through how many principles for settling are they settled?

175To how many of the seven principles for settling do legal issues arising from business belong? On how many principles for settling do they depend? In how many principles for settling are they included? With how many principles for settling are they grouped? Through how many principles for settling are they settled?

176Legal issues arising from disputes belong to two principles for settling; they depend on two principles for settling; they are included in two principles for settling; they are grouped with two principles for settling; they are settled through two principles for settling: through resolution face-to-face and through majority decision.

177Legal issues arising from accusations belong to four principles for settling; they depend on four principles for settling; they are included in four principles for settling; they are grouped with four principles for settling; they are settled through four principles for settling: through resolution face-to-face, through resolution through recollection, through resolution because of past insanity, and through further penalty.

178Legal issues arising from offenses belong to three principles for settling; they depend on three principles for settling; they are included in three principles for settling; they are grouped with three principles for settling; they are settled through three principles for settling: through resolution face-to-face, through acting according to what has been admitted, and through covering over as if with grass.

179Legal issues arising from business belong to one principle for settling; they depend on one principle for settling; they are included in one principle for settling; they are grouped with one principle for settling; they are settled through one principle for settling: through resolution face-to-face.”

180The twenty-first section on “belonging to” is finished.

181The legal issues and their settling are finished.

182This is the summary:

183“Legal issues, a different presentation,
And in common, belonging to;
Principles for settling used in common,
Principles for settling that belong with that.

184Principle for settling is also resolution face-to-face,
On resolution, and on the wholesome;
Where, on settling, on connection,
On settling, and on not settling;
And on principles for settling and legal issues,
Origination, and belonging to.”